1. Does God Exist?

Richard Dawkins, 2006, The God Delusion, Bantam Press

Daniel C. Dennett, 1991, Lovely and Suspect Qualities, ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/papers/lovely&s.htm
       — 2002, What RoboMary Knows, ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/papers/robomaryfin6.htm

David Hume, 1748 (last ed. Internet Infidels, 2004), An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, www.infidels.org/library/historical/david_hume/human_understanding.html

Peter Kreeft, 1986 (last ed. 2003), What is God’s Answer to Human Suffering?, www.peterkreeft.com/topics/suffering.htm
       — 1988 (last ed. 2003), The First Cause Argument, www.peterkreeft.com/topics/first-cause.htm
       — 1988 (last ed. 2003), The Argument from History, www.peterkreeft.com/topics/history.htm
       — 1988 (last ed. 2003), The Argument from Pascal’s Wager, www.peterkreeft.com/topics/pascals-wager.htm

C. S. Lewis, 1947, Miracles: a preliminary study, multiple publishers

Alan Musgrave, 1993, Common Sense, Science and Scepticism: a historical introduction to the theory of knowledge, Cambridge University Press

Fred Phelps, 2001 (last ed. 2003), Perpetual Gospel Memorial to Diane Whipple, www.godhatesfags.com/main/whipplememorial.html

Plato, 380 BCE (last ed. Daniel C. Stevenson, 2000), Meno, classics.mit.edu/Plato/meno.html
       — 360 BCE (last ed. Daniel C. Stevenson, 2000), The Republic; Book VII, classics.mit.edu/Plato/republic.8.vii.html

Terry Pratchett, 2001, Thief of Time, Doubleday

Mark Rosenfelder, 2002, Understanding the Chinese Room, www.zompist.com/searle.html

Bible passages

Numbers 23:19
Romans 9:18–21

Michael J. Behe, 1996, Darwin’s Black Box: the biochemical challenge to evolution, The Free Press

William H. Calvin, 1996, How Brains Think: evolving intelligence, then and now, Phoenix

Richard Dawkins, 1986, The Blind Watchmaker, Longman
       — 1998, Unweaving the Rainbow: science, delusion, and the appetite for wonder, Houghton Mifflin Co.
       — 2003, A Devil’s Chaplain, Weidenfeld & Nicolson

Frans B. M. de Waal, 1996, Good Natured: the origins of right and wrong in humans and other animals, Harvard University Press
       — 1999, “The end of nature versus nurture”, Scientific American 281 (6): 94–99

Daniel C. Dennett, 1991, Consciousness Explained, Little Brown & Co.
       — 2002, On Failures of Freedom and the Fear of Science, ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/papers/Daedalusrevised.htm
       — 2003, “The mythical threat of genetic determinism”, The Chronicle of Higher Education 49 (21): B7

Jared Diamond, 1997, Why is Sex Fun?: the evolution of human sexuality, HarperCollins
       — 1998, Guns, Germs and Steel: a short history of everybody for the last 13,000 years, Vintage

Marvin Harris, 1975, Cows, Pigs, Wars and Witches: the riddles of culture, Vintage

Allison Jolly, 1999, Lucy’s Legacy: sex and intelligence in human evolution, Harvard University Press

Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, 2000, Mother Nature: maternal instinct and the shaping of the species, Vintage

Peter Kreeft, 1988 (last ed. 2003), The Argument from Design, www.peterkreeft.com/topics/design.htm

Lisa MacDonald, 1999, Edouard Manet, www.artchive.com/artchive/M/manet.html

William Paley, 1800, Natural Theology: excerpted in Gary Varner (ed.), undated, Paley’s formulation of the teleological argument, www-phil.tamu.edu/~gary/intro/paper.paley.html

Terry Pratchett, Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen, 2002, The Science of Discworld II: the globe, Ebury Press

Matt Ridley, 2000, Genome: the autobiography of a species in 23 chapters, HarperCollins

Carl Sagan, 1997, The Demon-Haunted World: science as a candle in the dark, Headline Book Publishing

Marita Sturken and Lisa Cartwright, 2001, Practices of Looking: an introduction to visual culture, Oxford University Press

Bryan Sykes, 2003, Adam’s Curse: a future without men, Corgi Books

Robert Winston, 2002, Human Instinct: how our primaeval impulses shape our modern lives, Bantam Press

TalkOrigins pages

Irreducible Complexity and Michael Behe: do biochemical machines show intelligent design?
Lies, Damned Lies, Statistics, and Probability of Abiogenesis Calculations
Metaphors on Trial: or, how did the groundhog cross the road?

Bible passages

Isaiah 64:8

Kenneth S. Bowers, 1976, Hypnosis for the Seriously Curious, Wadsworth Publishing Company Inc.

G. K. Chesterton, 1908 (last ed. 1969), “The Vote and the House”, in All Things Considered, Darwen Finlayson

William K. Clifford, 1879 (last ed. 2001), The Ethics of Belief, www.geocities.com/eyelumin8/newpage49.htm

Antonio R. Damasio, 1994, Descartes’ error: emotion, reason, and the human brain, G. P. Putnam

Daniel C. Dennett, 1984, Elbow Room: the varieties of free will worth wanting, Clarendon Press

Frans B. M. de Waal, 1996, Good Natured: the origins of right and wrong in humans and other animals, Harvard University Press

James R. Flynn, 2000, How to Defend Humane Ideals: substitutes for objectivity, University of Nebraska Press

Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger, 1486 (last ed. Wicasta Lovelace, 1998), Malleus Maleficarum; Part II Question 1:11, www.malleusmaleficarum.org/part_II/mm02a11a.html

Peter Kreeft, 1988 (last ed. 2003), The Argument from Conscience, www.peterkreeft.com/topics/conscience.htm

C. S. Lewis, 1944 (last ed. 2002), The Abolition of Man: or reflections on education with special reference to the teaching of English in the upper forms of schools, www.columbia.edu/cu/augustine/arch/lewis/abolition.doc

Charles Mackay, 1841 (last ed. Litrix Reading Room, 2001), Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds; Chapter 14, “The crusades”, www.litrix.com/madraven/madne014.htm
                     — Chapter 15, “The witch mania”, www.litrix.com/madraven/madne015.htm

Edwin Martin, undated, John Conway’s Game of Life, www.bitstorm.org/gameoflife/

Malcolm MacMillan, 2002, The Phineas Gage Information Page, www.deakin.edu.au/hbs/GAGEPAGE/

Stanley Milgram, 1974 (last ed. Brian J. Hayes, 2002), The Perils of Obedience, www.age-of-the-sage.org/psychology/milgram_perils_authority_1974.html

Alan Musgrave, 1993, Common Sense, Science and Scepticism: a historical introduction to the theory of knowledge, Cambridge University Press

Robin Myerscough, 2006, Edwin Starbuck, www.rssupport.org.uk/u6/u6phil/starb.htm

Terry Pratchett, 2002, Death and What Comes Next, www.au.lspace.org/books/dawcn/dawcn-english.html

Ayn Rand, 1967, Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology: excerpted in the Ayn Rand Institute (ed.), © 1995–2006, Essentials of Objectivism, www.aynrand.org/site/PageServer?pagename=objectivism_essentials

Matt Ridley, 2000, Genome: the autobiography of a species in 23 chapters, HarperCollins

Mark Rosenfelder, 2002, Understanding the Chinese Room, www.zompist.com/searle.html

Emily Schultz and Robert Lavenda, 1995 (2nd ed. 1998), Anthropology: a perspective on the human condition, Mayfield Publishing Co.

Daniel M. Wegner, 2002, The Illusion of Conscious Will, MIT Press

Bible passages

Luke 6:31 (NIV)
John 20:29
I Corinthians 6:15–18
I John 4:1–3

St. Augustine of Hippo, 426, (last ed. K. Knight, 2003), City of God; Book XIV, “Augustine treats again of the sin of the first man, and teaches that it is the cause of the carnal life and vicious affections of man”, www.newadvent.org/fathers/120114.htm

Neil Copeland, 2001 (unfinished), Courageous Women of the Old Testament, homepages.ihug.co.nz/~copeyns/Neil/CourageousOTWomen.htm

Jack Chick, 1993, He Never Told Us, www.chick.com/reading/tracts/0945/0945_01.asp
       — 2004, God’s Plan of Salvation, www.chick.com/information/general/salvation.asp

Peter Berresford Ellis, 1995, Celtic Women: women in Celtic society and literature, Constable

Eusebius Pamphilius, 325 (last ed. Christian Classics Ethereal Library, undated), Church History; Book III Chapter 39, “The writings of Papias”, www.ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF2-01/Npnf2-01-08.htm#P2185_1027485

James Halliday, 1990 (last ed. ElectricScotland.com, undated), Scotland: a concise history; Chapter 7, “The Crown and the Covenants”, www.electricscotland.com/history/scotland/chap7.htm

Thomas Hobbes, 1660 (last ed. Bill Uzgalis, 2003), Leviathan; Chapter 19, “Of the several kinds of commonwealth by institution, and of succession to the sovereign power”, oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/texts/hobbes/leviathan-d.html#CHAPTERXIX

Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, 2000, Mother Nature: maternal instinct and the shaping of the species, Vintage

Arthur Jeffery and John J. Collins, 1994, Commentary on Daniel, in Bruce M. Metzger and Roland E. Murphy, The New Oxford Annotated Bible: with the apocryphal/deuterocanonical books, New Revised Standard Version, Oxford University Press

K. Knight, 2003, Indulgences, www.newadvent.org/cathen/07783a.htm

Peter Kreeft, 1988 (last ed. 2003), The Argument from History, www.peterkreeft.com/topics/history.htm

Michael T. Lubragge, 2003, The Components of Manifest Destiny, www.let.rug.nl/usa/E/manifest/manif2.htm

Magnus Magnusson, 2001, Scotland: the story of a nation, HarperCollins

Al Maxey, undated, The Silent Centuries: Greek rule — the Ptolemies & Seleucids, www.zianet.com/maxey/Inter2.htm

Open Love Christian Community, 2001, Open Love Christian Community, www.geocities.com/openlcc/olcc.html

Steven Ozment, 1983, When Fathers Ruled: family life in Reformation Europe, Harvard University Press

Elaine Pagels, 1995, The Origin of Satan, Random House

Terry Pratchett, 2001, The Last Hero, Victor Gollancz Ltd

John F.A. Sawyer, 1987 (revised ed. 1993), Prophecy and the Biblical Prophets, Oxford University Press

Emily Schultz and Robert Lavenda, 1995 (2nd ed. 1998), Anthropology: a perspective on the human condition, Mayfield Publishing Co.

Richard E. Whitaker, James E. Goehring and research personnel of the Institute for Antiquity and Christianity, 1988, The Eerdmans analytical concordance to the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, Eerdmans

Author unknown, 1367 (last ed. Thomas Shoemaker, undated), The Statutes of Kilkenny, www.mc.maricopa.edu/~tomshoemaker/celtic/KilkennyStatutes.html

Bible passages

(Deuterocanonical passages)

I Maccabees 6:1–17

The Venerable Bede, undated (between 709 and 726), commentary on the Gospel of Mark, excerpted in Todd Dennis, 2002, “Preterist Study Archive: the Venerable Bede”, www.preteristarchive.com/StudyArchive/b/bede_venerable.html

Kenneth S. Bowers, 1976, Hypnosis for the Seriously Curious, Wadsworth Publishing Company Inc.

Gary M. Burge, 1992, Interpreting the Gospel of John, Baker Book House Company

Joel Carmichael, 1995, The Unriddling of Christian Origins: a secular account, Prometheus Books

Maurice Casey, 1998, Aramaic Sources of Mark’s Gospel, Cambridge University Press
       — 2002, An Aramaic Approach to Q: sources for the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, Cambridge University Press

St John Chrysostom, 387 (last ed. Paul Halsall, 2002), Eight Homilies against the Jews, www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/chrysostom-jews6.html

Christian Separatist Church Society, 2001, Welcome to the Christian Separatist Church Society, www.christianseparatist.org/other/welcome.html

Earl Doherty, 1997, The Jesus Puzzle: was there no historical Jesus?; Part 1, “A conspiracy of silence”, pages.ca.inter.net/~oblio/partone.htm

Eusebius Pamphilius, 325 (last ed. Christian Classics Ethereal Library, undated), Church History; Book III Chapter 27, “The heresy of the Ebionites”, www.ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF2-01/Npnf2-01-08.htm#P1985_923142
                     — Chapter 39, “The writings of Papias”, www.ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF2-01/Npnf2-01-08.htm#P2185_1027485

Richard A. Horsley, 1993, Jesus and the Spiral of Violence: popular Jewish resistance in Roman Palestine, Fortress Press

Flavius Josephus, c. 80 (last ed. ChristiansUnite.com, 2004), Wars of the Jews; Book VI Chapter 2, bible.christiansunite.com/jos.cgi?b=war6&c=2
                     — Chapter 4, bible.christiansunite.com/jos.cgi?b=war6&c=4
                     — Chapter 5, bible.christiansunite.com/jos.cgi?b=war6&c=5
       — 94 (last ed. ChristiansUnite.com, 2004), Antiquities of the Jews; Book XVII Chapter 8, bible.christiansunite.com/jos.cgi?b=ant17&c=8
                     — Chapter 13, bible.christiansunite.com/jos.cgi?b=ant17&c=13
              — Book XVIII Chapter 1, bible.christiansunite.com/jos.cgi?b=ant18&c=1
                     — Chapter 3, bible.christiansunite.com/jos.cgi?b=ant18&c=3

Fritz Kern, 1914 (last ed. S. B. Chrimes, 1948), Kingship and Law in the Middle Ages, Basil Blackwell Oxford

Peter Kreeft, 1988 (last ed. 2003), The Divinity of Christ, www.peterkreeft.com/topics/christ-divinity.htm

C. S. Lewis, 1947, Miracles: a preliminary study, multiple publishers

Martin Luther, 1543 (last ed. Paul Halsall, 2001), On the Jews and their Lies, www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/1543-Luther-JewsandLies-full.html

Hyam Maccoby, 1973, Revolution in Judea: Jesus and the Jewish resistance, excerpted in “Jesus and the Jewish Resistance”, undated, www.positiveatheism.org/hist/maccoby.htm

Thomas of Monmouth, 1173 (last ed. Paul Halsall, 1997), Life of William of Norwich, www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1173williamnorwich.html

Frank Morison, 1944, Who Moved the Stone?, Faber

Origen, c. 245 (last ed. Peter Kirby, 2001), Contra Celsus, www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/origen161.html

Elaine Pagels, 1995, The Origin of Satan, Random House

L. Peters, 1998, “Rites of passage and the borderline syndrome: perspectives in transpersonal psychology”, in R. J. Castillo (ed.), Meanings of Madness, Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company

J. B. Phillips, 1967, Ring of Truth: a translator’s testimony, Hodder and Stoughton

Plato, 360 BCE (last ed. Daniel C. Stevenson, 2000), The Republic; Book II, classics.mit.edu/Plato/republic.3.ii.html

Terry Pratchett, 1994, Interesting Times, Victor Gollancz Ltd

Matt Ridley, 2000, Genome: the autobiography of a species in 23 chapters, HarperCollins

Gregory J. Riley, 1997, One Jesus, Many Christs: the truth about Christian origins, Harper SanFrancisco

Carl Sagan, 1997, The Demon-Haunted World: science as a candle in the dark, Headline Book Publishing

John F.A. Sawyer, 1987 (revised ed. 1993), Prophecy and the Biblical Prophets, Oxford University Press

Morton Smith, 1966 (revised ed. 1973), Clement of Alexandria and a Secret Gospel of Mark, Harvard University Press

Judas Didymos Thomas (attrib.), 4th century (last ed. Gnosis Archive, undated), The Gospel of Thomas, www.gnosis.org/naghamm/gthlamb.html

Daniel M. Wegner, 2002, The Illusion of Conscious Will, MIT Press

Richard E. Whitaker, James E. Goehring and research personnel of the Institute for Antiquity and Christianity, 1988, The Eerdmans analytical concordance to the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, Eerdmans

Wieland Willker, 2003, The Secret Gospel of Mark: homepage, www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/Secret/secmark_home.html

Ian Wilson, 1984 (revised ed. 1996), Jesus: the evidence, Weidenfeld & Nicolson

Bible passages

Leviticus 4:3 Leviticus 23:39–43 Deuteronomy 21:6–9 Deuteronomy 21:22–23 I Samuel 24:4–7 II Samuel 3:28–29 II Samuel 7:12–15 Psalm 22 Psalm 34:19–20 Psalm 89:38 Proverbs 6:23–29 Proverbs 7:10–27 Isaiah 53 Daniel 7:13 Zechariah 9:9 Zechariah 12:10 Matthew 2:22 Matthew 3:1–17 Matthew 5:28 Matthew 9:9 Matthew 14:13–33 Matthew 17:1–8 Matthew 17:10–13 Matthew 17:19–20 Matthew 21:1–9 Matthew 21:12–13 Matthew 21:18–22 Matthew 21:33–41 Matthew 22:34–40 Matthew 23:25–26 Matthew 26:6–12 Matthew 26:14–16 Matthew 26:47–50 Matthew 26:57–68 Matthew 27 Matthew 28 Mark 1:2–11

Mark 1:19 Mark 2:3–12 Mark 3:17 Mark 3:28 Mark 5:22–23 Mark 5:34–43 Mark 6:1–6 Mark 6:30–52 Mark 7:11 Mark 7:34 Mark 9:2–8 Mark 9:11–13 Mark 10:2–12 Mark 11:1–24 Mark 12:1–9 Mark 13:5–33 Mark 14:3–11 Mark 14:36 Mark 14:43–46 Mark 14:53–65 Mark 15 Mark 16 Luke 1:4 Luke 2:1–2 Luke 3:2–22 Luke 5:1–11 Luke 6:31 Luke 7:36–50 Luke 9:10–17 Luke 9:28–36 Luke 11:37 Luke 11:39–41 Luke 13:1 Luke 13:31–32 Luke 14:1 Luke 19:28–38 Luke 19:45–48

Luke 20:9–16 Luke 22:3–6 Luke 22:47–48 Luke 22:63–71 Luke 23 Luke 24 John 1:1–34 John 2:1–11 John 2:13–23 John 3:22 John 4:54 John 5 John 6:1–21 John 6:53–58 John 7:53–8:11 John 8:19 John 8:39–44 John 8:55 John 9 John 10:24–36 John 11 John 12:1–8 John 12:12–17:26 John 18–19 John 20 John 21 Acts 1:1–12 Acts 1:18–20 Acts 3:1–10 Acts 5:1–10 Acts 5:33–39 Acts 6–7 Acts 9:1–9 Acts 12:12 Acts 23:6–9 I Timothy 2:9–15 II Timothy 4:11

(Deuterocanonical passages)

I Maccabees 8

Talmud passages

Daniel C. Dennett, 1991, Consciousness Explained, Little Brown & Co.

Cindy Engel, 2002, Wild Health: how animals keep themselves well and what we can learn from them, Weidenfeld & Nicolson

Rick Jones, 1995 (last ed. Jack Chick, 2004), Understanding Roman Catholicism; Chapter 12, “Doctrine of Transubstantiation compared to Scripture”, www.chick.com/reading/books/160/160-12.asp

Peter Kreeft, 1990 (last ed. 2004), Is There Sex in Heaven?, www.peterkreeft.com/topics/sex-in-heaven.htm
       — 1994 (last ed. 2004), The Argument from Desire, www.peterkreeft.com/topics/desire.htm
       — undated (last ed. 2004), Love Sees with New Eyes, www.peterkreeft.com/topics/love-sees.htm

C. S. Lewis, 1933 (revised ed. 1943), The Pilgrim’s Regress: an allegorical apology for Christianity, reason, and romanticism, multiple publishers
       — 1941 (last ed. 1962), “Psycho-analysis and literary criticism”, in They Asked for a Paper, Geoffrey Bles Ltd

Terry Pratchett, 1998, Carpe Jugulum, Doubleday

Carl Sagan, 1997, The Demon-Haunted World: science as a candle in the dark, Headline Book Publishing

Emily Schultz and Robert Lavenda, 1995 (2nd ed. 1998), Anthropology: a perspective on the human condition, Mayfield Publishing Co.

Robert Winston, 2002, Human Instinct: how our primaeval impulses shape our modern lives, Bantam Press

Bible passages

I Kings 19:11–12
Matthew 5:10–12